Which measurement approach involves applying the same test to the same group on two occasions?

The measurement approach that involves applying the same test to the same group on two occasions is known as test-retest reliability. This method is crucial for assessing the stability and consistency of a measurement over time. By administering the same assessment to the same individuals after a certain period, you can evaluate how much the scores fluctuate or remain stable, indicating the reliability of the test.

Test-retest reliability is particularly important in occupational therapy and other fields where understanding the consistency of a measure can impact treatment outcomes and interventions. If a test yields similar results on repeated administrations, it can be considered reliable for evaluating the constructs it measures.

In contrast, parallel form reliability assesses the consistency between different forms of an assessment measuring the same construct; internal consistency evaluates how well items within a single test correlate with each other; and inter-rater reliability examines the degree to which different raters or observers give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon. Each of these approaches assesses reliability in different contexts, but the specific focus of test-retest reliability on repeated administrations makes it the correct answer in this scenario.